Skip to content
Snippets Groups Projects
Commit 860bbacf authored by Taras Lazariv's avatar Taras Lazariv
Browse files

Add general terminal page

parent a0141bf7
No related branches found
No related tags found
2 merge requests!607Automated merge from preview to main,!605Resolve "Transfer pdfs on mobaxterm to markdown pages"
# Connecting via terminal
Connecting via terminal works on every operating system. For Linux and Macintosh operating systems
no additional software is required. For users of a Windows OS a recent version of Windows is
required (Windows 10, Build 1809 and higher). It is possible to use
[Command Prompt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cmd.exe) or [PowerShell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerShell)).
Ensure that [OpenSSH](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/factoryos/connect-using-ssh?view=windows-10)
is installed on the system.
SSH establishes secure connections using authentication and encryption. The login nodes accept
the following encryption algorithms: `aes128-ctr`, `aes192-ctr`, `aes256-ctr`,
`aes128-gcm@openssh.com`, `aes256-gcm@openssh.com`, `chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com`,
`chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com`.
## Before Your First Connection
We suggest to create an SSH key pair before you work with the ZIH systems. This ensures high
connection security.
```console
marie@local$ mkdir -p ~/.ssh
marie@local$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Generating public/private ed25519 key pair.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
[...]
```
Type in a passphrase for the protection of your key. The passphrase should be **non-empty**.
Copy the public key to the ZIH system (Replace placeholder `marie` with your ZIH login):
```console
marie@local$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub marie@taurus.hrsk.tu-dresden.de
The authenticity of host 'taurus.hrsk.tu-dresden.de (141.30.73.104)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:HjpVeymTpk0rqoc8Yvyc8d9KXQ/p2K0R8TJ27aFnIL8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
```
Compare the shown fingerprint with the [documented fingerprints](key_fingerprints.md). Make sure
they match. Then you can accept by typing `yes`.
!!! info
If `ssh-copy-id` is not available, you need to do additional steps:
```console
marie@local$ scp ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub marie@taurus.hrsk.tu-dresden.de:
The authenticity of host 'taurus.hrsk.tu-dresden.de (141.30.73.104)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:HjpVeymTpk0rqoc8Yvyc8d9KXQ/p2K0R8TJ27aFnIL8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
```
After that, you need to manually copy the key to the right place:
```console
marie@local$ ssh marie@taurus.hrsk.tu-dresden.de
[...]
marie@login$ mkdir -p ~/.ssh
marie@login$ touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
marie@login$ cat id_ed25519.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
```
### Configuring Default Parameters for SSH
After you have copied your key to the ZIH system, you should be able to connect using:
```console
marie@local$ ssh marie@taurus.hrsk.tu-dresden.de
[...]
marie@login$ exit
```
However, you can make this more comfortable if you prepare an SSH configuration on your local
workstation. Navigate to the subdirectory `.ssh` in your home directory and open the file `config`
(`~/.ssh/config`) in your favorite editor. If it does not exist, create it. Put the following lines
in it (you can omit lines starting with `#`):
```bash
Host taurus
#For login (shell access)
HostName taurus.hrsk.tu-dresden.de
#Put your ZIH-Login after keyword "User":
User marie
#Path to private key:
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
#Don't try other keys if you have more:
IdentitiesOnly yes
#Enable X11 forwarding for graphical applications and compression. You don't need parameter -X and -C when invoking ssh then.
ForwardX11 yes
Compression yes
Host taurusexport
#For copying data without shell access
HostName taurusexport.hrsk.tu-dresden.de
#Put your ZIH-Login after keyword "User":
User marie
#Path to private key:
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
#Don't try other keys if you have more:
IdentitiesOnly yes
```
Afterwards, you can connect to the ZIH system using:
```console
marie@local$ ssh taurus
```
If you want to copy data from/to ZIH systems, please refer to [Export Nodes: Transfer Data to/from
ZIH's Filesystems](../data_transfer/export_nodes.md) for more information on export nodes.
## X11-Forwarding
If you plan to use an application with graphical user interface (GUI), you need to enable
X11-forwarding for the connection. If you use the SSH configuration described above, everything is
already prepared and you can simply use:
```console
marie@local$ ssh taurus
```
If you have omitted the last two lines in the default configuration above, you need to add the
option `-X` or `-XC` to your SSH command. The `-C` enables compression which usually improves
usability in this case:
```console
marie@local$ ssh -XC taurus
```
!!! info
Also consider to use a [DCV session](desktop_cloud_visualization.md) for remote desktop
visualization at ZIH systems.
0% Loading or .
You are about to add 0 people to the discussion. Proceed with caution.
Finish editing this message first!
Please register or to comment